2024 Artifacts

• Where was this artifact found?

  This sextant was discovered on the lower deck of Erebus, on the port side, in the lower ranking officers’ cabin area.

• What material is this artifact made of?

  The sextant is made of bronze, with the handle made from a hardwood, such as mahogany.

• What was this artifact used for?

  Sextants were valuable navigational instruments used by naval officers to determine the angle between the horizon and a celestial body (the sun, moon, or a star). They are still used today in celestial navigation, mainly to calculate latitude.

• What do we know about this artifact?

  Each expedition vessel carried multiple sextants. Observations were taken several times a day, sometimes by different officers simultaneously to confirm their calculations. First observed in 2015, it was pushed under wooden debris following a storm that year but was relocated and raised in 2024.

• Where was this artifact found?

  This sextant was discovered on the lower deck of Erebus, on the port side, in the lower ranking officers’ cabin area.

• What material is this artifact made of?

  The sextant is made of bronze, with the handle made from a hardwood, such as mahogany.

• What was this artifact used for?

  Sextants were valuable navigational instruments used by naval officers to determine the angle between the horizon and a celestial body (the sun, moon, or a star). They are still used today in celestial navigation, mainly to calculate latitude.

• What do we know about this artifact?

  Each expedition vessel carried multiple sextants. Observations were taken several times a day, sometimes by different officers simultaneously to confirm their calculations. First observed in 2015, it was pushed under wooden debris following a storm that year but was relocated and raised in 2024.

• ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?

  ᐅᓇ ᓯᓚᒥᒃ ᑭᒡᓕᓯᓂᐊᕈᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑎᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ, ᓴᐅᒥᐊᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᖅ, ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖑᖏᓂᖅᓴᓄᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᕕᖓᓂ.

• ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᓯᓚᒥᒃ ᑭᒡᓕᓯᓂᐊᕈᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖅᑐᖅ ᑲᓐᓄᔭᕐᒥᑦ, ᑎᒍᒻᒥᕕᖓ ᑎᓯᔫᓪᓗᓂ ᕿᔪᒃ. ᓲᕐᓗ ᒪᕼᐊᒐᓂ.

• ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?

  ᓯᓚᒥᒃ ᑭᒡᓕᓯᓂᐊᕈᑦ ᐃᖏᕋᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐅᑎᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᖅ ᐅᒥᑐᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑐᒍ ᓴᖑᖓᓂ ᑕᑯᔅᓴᐅᓂᖓ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᓚᐃᓐᓇᒦᑦᑐᑦ (ᓯᕿᓂᖅ, ᑕᖅᑭᖅ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᕆᐊᖅ). ᓱᓕ ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᓯᓚᐃᓐᓇᒦᑦᑐᓄ ᐃᖏᕋᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐅᑎᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᑐᒍ ᑐᑭᒨᖓᓂᖓ.

• ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᐊᑐᓂ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᓯᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᑦ ᓯᓚᒥᒃ ᑭᒡᓕᓯᓂᐊᕈᓂᑦ. ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᖃᑦᑕᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᐊᑎᖅᑐᑎ ᐅᓪᓗᖓᓂ, ᐃᓛᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖏᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐅᕐᓇᐊᒥ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᑦᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓪᓗᑎ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᑕᖏᓐᓂ. ᑕᑯᔭᐅᖅᑳᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ 2015−ᒥᑦ, ᐊᑖᓅᖅᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᒥᓂᖅ ᕿᒧᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᓄᕌᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖓᓂ ᑭᓯᓂ ᓅᒃᑲᓂᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓗᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖁᕝᕙᖅᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᒥ 2024−ᒥᑦ.

• ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?

  ᐅᓇ ᓯᓚᒥᒃ ᑭᒡᓕᓯᓂᐊᕈᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑎᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ, ᓴᐅᒥᐊᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᖅ, ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖑᖏᓂᖅᓴᓄᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᕕᖓᓂ.

• ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᓯᓚᒥᒃ ᑭᒡᓕᓯᓂᐊᕈᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖅᑐᖅ ᑲᓐᓄᔭᕐᒥᑦ, ᑎᒍᒻᒥᕕᖓ ᑎᓯᔫᓪᓗᓂ ᕿᔪᒃ. ᓲᕐᓗ ᒪᕼᐊᒐᓂ.

• ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?

  ᓯᓚᒥᒃ ᑭᒡᓕᓯᓂᐊᕈᑦ ᐃᖏᕋᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐅᑎᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᖅ ᐅᒥᑐᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑐᒍ ᓴᖑᖓᓂ ᑕᑯᔅᓴᐅᓂᖓ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᓚᐃᓐᓇᒦᑦᑐᑦ (ᓯᕿᓂᖅ, ᑕᖅᑭᖅ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᕆᐊᖅ). ᓱᓕ ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᓯᓚᐃᓐᓇᒦᑦᑐᓄ ᐃᖏᕋᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐅᑎᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᑐᒍ ᑐᑭᒨᖓᓂᖓ.

• ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᐊᑐᓂ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᓯᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᑦ ᓯᓚᒥᒃ ᑭᒡᓕᓯᓂᐊᕈᓂᑦ. ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᖃᑦᑕᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᐊᑎᖅᑐᑎ ᐅᓪᓗᖓᓂ, ᐃᓛᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖏᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐅᕐᓇᐊᒥ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᑦᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓪᓗᑎ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᑕᖏᓐᓂ. ᑕᑯᔭᐅᖅᑳᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ 2015−ᒥᑦ, ᐊᑖᓅᖅᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᒥᓂᖅ ᕿᒧᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᓄᕌᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖓᓂ ᑭᓯᓂ ᓅᒃᑲᓂᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓗᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖁᕝᕙᖅᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᒥ 2024−ᒥᑦ.

• Where was this artifact found?

  This artifact was found on the lower deck of Erebus, near the Captain’s Steward’s pantry.

• What material is this artifact made of?

  The pitcher is a relief moulded stoneware covered with a blue smear glaze.

• What was this artifact used for?

  The pitcher would have been used to serve liquids, likely in the officers’ mess or at the captain’s table. The presence of two small holes near the upper lip of the vessel suggests it had a pewter lid, now missing.

• What do we know about this artifact?

  The pitcher depicts a tavern scene on one side, and a witch pursuing a horseman on the other. This design is based on a famous 1790 poem by Robert Burns, “Tam O’Shanter”. A maker’s mark on the base of the pitcher reads “PUBLISHED BY / W. RIDGWAY & CO./?/12”.

• Where was this artifact found?

  This artifact was found on the lower deck of Erebus, near the Captain’s Steward’s pantry.

• What material is this artifact made of?

  The pitcher is a relief moulded stoneware covered with a blue smear glaze.

• What was this artifact used for?

  The pitcher would have been used to serve liquids, likely in the officers’ mess or at the captain’s table. The presence of two small holes near the upper lip of the vessel suggests it had a pewter lid, now missing.

• What do we know about this artifact?

  The pitcher depicts a tavern scene on one side, and a witch pursuing a horseman on the other. This design is based on a famous 1790 poem by Robert Burns, “Tam O’Shanter”. A maker’s mark on the base of the pitcher reads “PUBLISHED BY / W. RIDGWAY & CO./?/12”.

• ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?

  ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑎᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ, ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᒥᐊᓂᖅᓯᔨᐅᑉ ᓂᕿᒃᑯᕕᖓᑕ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ.

• ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᐃᒪᖃᐅᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᑎᓯᔪᖅ ᐊᓕᒎᔭᖅ ᓯᓚᑎᖓ ᑐᖑᔪᕈᔪᑦᑐᓂ.

• ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?

  ᐃᒪᖃᐅᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕋᔭᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᒪᖃᖅᑐᓂ, ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᓂᕆᕕᖓᓂ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑳᐱᑕᓐ ᓵᖓᓂ. ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂ ᒥᑭᔫᓐᓂᒃ ᐳᑐᖃᕐᓂᖓ ᖁᓛᓂᐸᓗᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᒪᑐᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂ, ᒫᓐᓇ ᐱᑕᖃᕈᓐᓃᖅᑐᖅ.

• ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᐃᒪᖃᐅᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᑕᑯᔅᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᔪᖅ ᓂᕆᕕᒻᒦᖑᐊᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᐊᓂ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕗᐃᑦᔅ ᒪᓕᓐᖑᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᕿᒧᔅᓯᐅᑎᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᐊᓂᖔᖅ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᑐᙵᓂᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᒻᒪᕆᑦᑐᒥ 1790 ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᓕᐊᖓ ᕌᐳᑦ ᐴᓐᔅ, “Tam O’Shanter” (ᑖᒻ ᐅᓵᓐᑐᕐ). ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔫᑉ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᖓ ᐃᒪᐅᑎᒥᑦ ᐊᑖᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ “ᒪᖅᑭᖅᑎᑕᖏᑦ/W. RIDGWAY & CO /?/12”.

• ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?

  ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑎᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ, ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᒥᐊᓂᖅᓯᔨᐅᑉ ᓂᕿᒃᑯᕕᖓᑕ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ.

• ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᐃᒪᖃᐅᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᑎᓯᔪᖅ ᐊᓕᒎᔭᖅ ᓯᓚᑎᖓ ᑐᖑᔪᕈᔪᑦᑐᓂ.

• ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?

  ᐃᒪᖃᐅᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕋᔭᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᒪᖃᖅᑐᓂ, ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᓂᕆᕕᖓᓂ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑳᐱᑕᓐ ᓵᖓᓂ. ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂ ᒥᑭᔫᓐᓂᒃ ᐳᑐᖃᕐᓂᖓ ᖁᓛᓂᐸᓗᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᒪᑐᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂ, ᒫᓐᓇ ᐱᑕᖃᕈᓐᓃᖅᑐᖅ.

• ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᐃᒪᖃᐅᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᑕᑯᔅᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᔪᖅ ᓂᕆᕕᒻᒦᖑᐊᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᐊᓂ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕗᐃᑦᔅ ᒪᓕᓐᖑᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᕿᒧᔅᓯᐅᑎᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᐊᓂᖔᖅ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᑐᙵᓂᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᒻᒪᕆᑦᑐᒥ 1790 ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᓕᐊᖓ ᕌᐳᑦ ᐴᓐᔅ, “Tam O’Shanter” (ᑖᒻ ᐅᓵᓐᑐᕐ). ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔫᑉ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᖓ ᐃᒪᐅᑎᒥᑦ ᐊᑖᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ “ᒪᖅᑭᖅᑎᑕᖏᑦ/W. RIDGWAY & CO /?/12”.

• Where was this artifact found?

  This coat was found off the starboard quarter of Erebus, on the seafloor.

• What material is this artifact made of?

  The artifact is likely a textile raincoat, made water-resistant by an application of melted grease and tar.

• What was this artifact used for?

  Like today, raincoats or “oilskins” were worn in the mid-19th century to protect officers and crew from wind, rain, and spray while at sea. The collars and cuffs could have been upturned to provide better protection for the face and hands.

• What do we know about this artifact?

  This coat may have belonged to an officer based on its location at the stern of Erebus. According to historical provisioning documents, each crewmember was issued clothing including a jacket, trousers, snow boots, shirts, stockings, Welsh wig, and comforters. However, officers had to provide their own clothing. In one of his letters, Acting Assistant Surgeon Harry Goodsir of Erebus mentions that he acquired a “sealskin greatcoat” for the expedition.

• Where was this artifact found?

  This coat was found off the starboard quarter of Erebus, on the seafloor.

• What material is this artifact made of?

  The artifact is likely a textile raincoat, made water-resistant by an application of melted grease and tar.

• What was this artifact used for?

  Like today, raincoats or “oilskins” were worn in the mid-19th century to protect officers and crew from wind, rain, and spray while at sea. The collars and cuffs could have been upturned to provide better protection for the face and hands.

• What do we know about this artifact?

  This coat may have belonged to an officer based on its location at the stern of Erebus. According to historical provisioning documents, each crewmember was issued clothing including a jacket, trousers, snow boots, shirts, stockings, Welsh wig, and comforters. However, officers had to provide their own clothing. In one of his letters, Acting Assistant Surgeon Harry Goodsir of Erebus mentions that he acquired a “sealskin greatcoat” for the expedition.

• ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?

  ᐊᑎᒋ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᖅᑯᐊᓂ ᑕᓕᖅᐱᐊᑕ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ, ᐃᖅᑲᖓᓂ.

• ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᐊᑎᒋ ᐃᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᔪᒥᓂᖅ, ᐃᖃᖅᑎᒐᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᑦᑕᒍᓐᓇᐃᖏᑦᑐᖅ, ᐃᑦᑕᒍᓐᓇᐃᓕᑎᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᐅᔅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐅᖅᓱᓄᑦ ᑖᓚᓄᓪᓗ.

• ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?

  ᐅᓪᓗᒥᑎᑐᑦ, ᐃᕐᕋᐃᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ “ᐅᖅᓱᓖᑦ ᓯᑖᒍᑦ” ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᕿᑎᐊᓂ 18 ᕼᐊᓐᓇᓚᖏᓐᓂ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᑎᓪᓗᑎ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᐅᖃᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᓄᕆᒧᑦ, ᓯᓚᓗᒻᒧᑦ ᓯᕿᔭᕐᕕᐅᓂᕐᒧᓪᓗ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥ. ᖁᖓᓯᕈᖏᑦ ᐊᒡᒐᐅᑎᖏᓪᓗ ᐋᖅᑭᔅᓯᒪᓂᖃᕋᔭᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᑦᑎᓂᖅᓴᐃᓗᑎ ᑮᓇᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᒡᒐᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ.

• ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᑎᒋ ᐱᒋᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᕋᔭᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖑᓂᖅᓴᒧᑦ ᑐᙵᕕᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᓇᒦᓐᓂᖓ ᐃᖅᑯᐊᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ. ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᕈᕐᓂᓴᕐᓄᑦ ᐃᓚᒍᑕᖃᖅᑎᑦᑎᔪᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ, ᐊᑐᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᑐᓂᓯᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓂᑦ ᐱᖃᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᑎ ᐊᑎᒌᑦ, ᖃᓪᓖᑦ, ᐅᕕᓂᕈᐃᑦ, ᐃᓗᐊᑦ, ᓇᓴᐃᑦ, ᕿᐲᓪᓗ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᐅᑏᑦ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᖃᖅᑎᒋᐊᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ. ᐃᓚᖓᓐᓂ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᖓᓂ, ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᐅᑲᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᓚᒃᑐᐃᔨ ᕼᐋᓕ ᒍᑦᓲᕐ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥᐅᑕᖅ ᐅᖃᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᒪᐅᖅᑐᓂ “ᑭᓯᕐᒥ ᐊᑎᒋᑦᑎᐊᕙᐅᓪᓗᓂ” ᐊᐅᓚᓂᕐᒧᑦ.

• ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?

  ᐊᑎᒋ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᖅᑯᐊᓂ ᑕᓕᖅᐱᐊᑕ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ, ᐃᖅᑲᖓᓂ.

• ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᐊᑎᒋ ᐃᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᔪᒥᓂᖅ, ᐃᖃᖅᑎᒐᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᑦᑕᒍᓐᓇᐃᖏᑦᑐᖅ, ᐃᑦᑕᒍᓐᓇᐃᓕᑎᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᐅᔅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐅᖅᓱᓄᑦ ᑖᓚᓄᓪᓗ.

• ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?

  ᐅᓪᓗᒥᑎᑐᑦ, ᐃᕐᕋᐃᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ “ᐅᖅᓱᓖᑦ ᓯᑖᒍᑦ” ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᕿᑎᐊᓂ 18 ᕼᐊᓐᓇᓚᖏᓐᓂ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᑎᓪᓗᑎ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᐅᖃᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᓄᕆᒧᑦ, ᓯᓚᓗᒻᒧᑦ ᓯᕿᔭᕐᕕᐅᓂᕐᒧᓪᓗ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥ. ᖁᖓᓯᕈᖏᑦ ᐊᒡᒐᐅᑎᖏᓪᓗ ᐋᖅᑭᔅᓯᒪᓂᖃᕋᔭᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᑦᑎᓂᖅᓴᐃᓗᑎ ᑮᓇᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᒡᒐᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ.

• ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᑎᒋ ᐱᒋᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᕋᔭᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖑᓂᖅᓴᒧᑦ ᑐᙵᕕᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᓇᒦᓐᓂᖓ ᐃᖅᑯᐊᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ. ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᕈᕐᓂᓴᕐᓄᑦ ᐃᓚᒍᑕᖃᖅᑎᑦᑎᔪᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ, ᐊᑐᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᑐᓂᓯᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓂᑦ ᐱᖃᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᑎ ᐊᑎᒌᑦ, ᖃᓪᓖᑦ, ᐅᕕᓂᕈᐃᑦ, ᐃᓗᐊᑦ, ᓇᓴᐃᑦ, ᕿᐲᓪᓗ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᐅᑏᑦ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᖃᖅᑎᒋᐊᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ. ᐃᓚᖓᓐᓂ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᖓᓂ, ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᐅᑲᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᓚᒃᑐᐃᔨ ᕼᐋᓕ ᒍᑦᓲᕐ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥᐅᑕᖅ ᐅᖃᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᒪᐅᖅᑐᓂ “ᑭᓯᕐᒥ ᐊᑎᒋᑦᑎᐊᕙᐅᓪᓗᓂ” ᐊᐅᓚᓂᕐᒧᑦ.

• Where was this artifact found?

  This straight razor was found in a seaman’s chest in the forecastle area on the lower deck of Erebus.

• What material is this artifact made of?

  The razor has a wooden or bone handle decorated with a scallop design on both ends, with two small copper alloy pins at either end. There is also a small copper plate on one side of the razor, without any visible inscriptions.

• What was this artifact used for?

  Razors would have been used to shave facial hair or general body hair.

• What do we know about this artifact?

  Up to eight razors were found within the same seaman’s chest, including five examples packed together in two different rolls. At the time, razor sets—including “seven-day sets”—were quite common. Interestingly, a shaving brush and a razor strop were also found in the same compartment.

• Where was this artifact found?

  This straight razor was found in a seaman’s chest in the forecastle area on the lower deck of Erebus.

• What material is this artifact made of?

  The razor has a wooden or bone handle decorated with a scallop design on both ends, with two small copper alloy pins at either end. There is also a small copper plate on one side of the razor, without any visible inscriptions.

• What was this artifact used for?

  Razors would have been used to shave facial hair or general body hair.

• What do we know about this artifact?

  Up to eight razors were found within the same seaman’s chest, including five examples packed together in two different rolls. At the time, razor sets—including “seven-day sets”—were quite common. Interestingly, a shaving brush and a razor strop were also found in the same compartment.

• ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?

  ᑖᓐᓇ ᑐᑭᓕᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᙱᔭᐅᑎ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᑐᖅᑎᒧᑦ ᑭᓱᒐᓚᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᓯᕗᓂᐊᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑦᑎᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ.

• ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᐅᙱᔭᐅᑎ ᕿᔪᒻᒥᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓴᐅᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᑎᒍᒥᕕᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᓪᓚᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᓇᖑᐊᓂᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑭᓐᓂ ᐃᓱᖏᓐᓂ, ᒪᕐᕉᓂ ᑲᓐᓄᔭᑦ ᐃᓱᖏᓐᓂ. ᒪᕐᕉᒻᒥᔪᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᒥᑭᔫᒃ ᑲᓐᓄᔭᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᐊᑕᒫᖏᓐᓇᖓᓂ ᐅᙱᔭᐅᒻᒥᑦ, ᑕᑯᔅᓴᐅᔪᖅᑕᖃᕐᓇᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ.

• ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?

  ᐅᙱᔭᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒍᓐᓇᕋᔭᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᙱᔭᖅᑐᑎ ᐅᒥᖏᓐᓂ ᑎᒥᖏᓐᓄᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᒥᖅᑯᖏᑦ.

• ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ ᑎᓴᒪᐅᔪᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᙱᔭᐅᑏᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᑐᖅᑎᒧᑦ ᑭᓱᒪᒐᓚᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᐱᖃᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᑎ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᑦ ᐆᑦᑐᕋᐅᑏᑦ ᐴᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᒧᓯᒪᔫᓐᓂᒃ. ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐅᙱᔭᐅᑏᑦ – ᐱᖃᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᑎ “ᐊᕐᕕᓂᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᓗᓄᑦ ᑲᑎᙵᔪᑦ” – ᐱᑕᖃᒐᔪᑉᐸᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ. ᑐᓴᕈᒥᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᐅᙱᔭᐅᑎᓯᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᙱᔭᐅᒻᒧᑦ ᐃᐱᔅᓴᐅᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᑕᕝᕙᓂᔅᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ.

• ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?

  ᑖᓐᓇ ᑐᑭᓕᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᙱᔭᐅᑎ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᑐᖅᑎᒧᑦ ᑭᓱᒐᓚᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᓯᕗᓂᐊᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑦᑎᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ.

• ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᐅᙱᔭᐅᑎ ᕿᔪᒻᒥᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓴᐅᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᑎᒍᒥᕕᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᓪᓚᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᓇᖑᐊᓂᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑭᓐᓂ ᐃᓱᖏᓐᓂ, ᒪᕐᕉᓂ ᑲᓐᓄᔭᑦ ᐃᓱᖏᓐᓂ. ᒪᕐᕉᒻᒥᔪᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᒥᑭᔫᒃ ᑲᓐᓄᔭᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᐊᑕᒫᖏᓐᓇᖓᓂ ᐅᙱᔭᐅᒻᒥᑦ, ᑕᑯᔅᓴᐅᔪᖅᑕᖃᕐᓇᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ.

• ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?

  ᐅᙱᔭᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒍᓐᓇᕋᔭᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᙱᔭᖅᑐᑎ ᐅᒥᖏᓐᓂ ᑎᒥᖏᓐᓄᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᒥᖅᑯᖏᑦ.

• ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ ᑎᓴᒪᐅᔪᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᙱᔭᐅᑏᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᑐᖅᑎᒧᑦ ᑭᓱᒪᒐᓚᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᐱᖃᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᑎ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᑦ ᐆᑦᑐᕋᐅᑏᑦ ᐴᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᒧᓯᒪᔫᓐᓂᒃ. ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐅᙱᔭᐅᑏᑦ – ᐱᖃᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᑎ “ᐊᕐᕕᓂᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᓗᓄᑦ ᑲᑎᙵᔪᑦ” – ᐱᑕᖃᒐᔪᑉᐸᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ. ᑐᓴᕈᒥᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᐅᙱᔭᐅᑎᓯᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᙱᔭᐅᒻᒧᑦ ᐃᐱᔅᓴᐅᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᑕᕝᕙᓂᔅᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ.

• Where was this artifact found?

  This artifact was found in a seaman’s chest in the forecastle area on the lower deck of Erebus.

• What material is this artifact made of?

  The handle of the brush is made from an unidentified hardwood, with the bristles likely from either a badger or boar.

• What was this artifact used for?

  This shaving brush would have been used to apply shaving cream, made by whipping together a combination of oil, soap and water, to the user’s face.

• What do we know about this artifact?

  A group of up to eight straight razors and a single razor strop were recovered from the same compartment.

• Where was this artifact found?

  This artifact was found in a seaman’s chest in the forecastle area on the lower deck of Erebus.

• What material is this artifact made of?

  The handle of the brush is made from an unidentified hardwood, with the bristles likely from either a badger or boar.

• What was this artifact used for?

  This shaving brush would have been used to apply shaving cream, made by whipping together a combination of oil, soap and water, to the user’s face.

• What do we know about this artifact?

  A group of up to eight straight razors and a single razor strop were recovered from the same compartment.

• ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?

  ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᑐᖅᑎᒧᑦ ᑭᓱᒐᓚᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᓯᕗᓂᐊᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑦᑎᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ.

• ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᑎᒍᒻᒥᕕᖓ ᐅᙱᔭᐅᑎᓯᐅᑎᐅᑉ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᖏᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᑎᓯᔪᖅ ᕿᔪᒻᒥᑦ, ᒥᖅᑯᖏᑦ ᐅᕙᓐᖔᖅᓯᒪᒍᓐᓇᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᐹᑦᔪ ᑰᑯᓯᓂᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ.

• ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?

  ᐅᙱᔭᐅᑎᓯᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕋᔭᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᖃᐳᖃᖅᑎᑎᓪᓗᑎ, ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᖑᓚᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎ ᐅᖅᓱᖅ, ᐅᐊᓴᐅᑎ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᒥᖅ, ᐊᑐᖅᑐᒧᑦ ᑮᓇᖓᓄᑦ.

• ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᑲᑎᙵᔪᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ ᑎᓴᒪᐅᔪᖅᑐᑦ ᑐᕿᓕᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᙱᔭᐅᑎᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐅᙱᔭᐅᒻᒧᑦ ᐃᐱᔅᓴᐅᑎ ᐱᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᑕᕝᕙᖓᔅᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᑐᖅᑎᒧᑦ ᑭᓱᒐᓚᑲᕐᕕᖓᓂ.

• ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?

  ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᑐᖅᑎᒧᑦ ᑭᓱᒐᓚᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᓯᕗᓂᐊᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑦᑎᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ.

• ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᑎᒍᒻᒥᕕᖓ ᐅᙱᔭᐅᑎᓯᐅᑎᐅᑉ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᖏᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᑎᓯᔪᖅ ᕿᔪᒻᒥᑦ, ᒥᖅᑯᖏᑦ ᐅᕙᓐᖔᖅᓯᒪᒍᓐᓇᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᐹᑦᔪ ᑰᑯᓯᓂᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ.

• ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?

  ᐅᙱᔭᐅᑎᓯᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕋᔭᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᖃᐳᖃᖅᑎᑎᓪᓗᑎ, ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᖑᓚᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎ ᐅᖅᓱᖅ, ᐅᐊᓴᐅᑎ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᒥᖅ, ᐊᑐᖅᑐᒧᑦ ᑮᓇᖓᓄᑦ.

• ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?

  ᑲᑎᙵᔪᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ ᑎᓴᒪᐅᔪᖅᑐᑦ ᑐᕿᓕᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᙱᔭᐅᑎᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐅᙱᔭᐅᒻᒧᑦ ᐃᐱᔅᓴᐅᑎ ᐱᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᑕᕝᕙᖓᔅᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᑐᖅᑎᒧᑦ ᑭᓱᒐᓚᑲᕐᕕᖓᓂ.